Complications of Damaged Dacryocystitis and Methods of their Treatment

Damaged or complicated dacryocystitis represents a significant ophthalmologic concern due to the risk of persistent infection, abscess formation, fistula development, and orbital cellulitis. Early identification of complications and selection of appropriate interventions are critical to prevent vision-threatening sequelae. Surgical techniques, including dacryocystorhinostomy, canalicular repair, and abscess drainage, combined with antimicrobial therapy, have demonstrated efficacy in restoring lacrimal drainage and preventing recurrence. This review evaluates clinical outcomes, highlights common complications of untreated or recurrent dacryocystitis, and analyzes evidence-based treatment strategies for optimal anatomical and functional recovery. Complicated dacryocystitis resulting from prolonged obstruction or untreated infection presents significant risks including abscess formation, cutaneous fistula, canalicular erosion, and orbital involvement. Prompt recognition and targeted management are essential to prevent progression and preserve ocular function. Surgical interventions such as dacryocystorhinostomy, canalicular reconstruction, and abscess drainage, combined with appropriate antimicrobial therapy, demonstrate high efficacy in restoring lacrimal drainage and resolving inflammatory processes. Analysis of clinical outcomes indicates that timely intervention reduces recurrence rates, promotes rapid recovery, and minimizes long-term structural damage, emphasizing the importance of structured evaluation and individualized treatment strategies.