Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by using Annona Muricata Extracts and Determine the Inhibitory Effects against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were manufactured using the green technique, with silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a precursor and an alcoholic extract of Annona muricata (Graviola) as a reducing agent. The color change from light yellow to dark brown indicated the creation of AgNPs. The average size and shape of the nanoparticles were determined using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), which was 60 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that AgNPs have a spherical and smooth surface area. The wavelength range was examined using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) to monitor the creation of nanoparticles, which revealed a sharp peak at 425 nm. The average crystallite size of AgNPs was determined to be 50 nm using Debye Scherrer's formula and X-ray Diffraction (XRD).

Fourier-transform (FT) infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra have been used for Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to identify the practical groups found in the synthesis method by Annona muricata (Graviola) .

The present study showed that the bacterial isolates which were multi drug resistance to classical antibiotics; distributed on Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis). The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized Ag Nps by ethanolic extract of Annona muricata was showed the maximum diameter inhibitions zone at concentration (100) mg/ml against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P.mirabilis reaching (34, 33, 33 ,31,30,28) mm respectively, while at concentration (12.5) mg/ml lowermost ranges of inhibition zone were recorded.