Synthetic Antibacterial Agents of Various Chemical Structures. Representatives of the New Generation of Cephalosporin Antibiotics

Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria without endangering the eukaryotic host that is afflicted. When it comes to treating diseased humans and animals, beta-lactams are one of the most important therapeutic drugs. To battle a variety of present and potential multi-resistant bacterial diseases, the pharmaceutical industry is being forced to look for new antibacterial medications due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. With an emphasis on semi-synthetic cephalosporins, we present an overview of the evolution, novelty, and present state of beta-lactam therapeutic uses in this study. A naturally occurring secondary metabolite of the filamentous fungus Acremonium chrysogenum, cephalosporin C (CPC) is essential to the synthesis of contemporary antibiotics as well as the creation of novel ones. Semi-synthetic cephalosporins that can manage infections with various resistance mechanisms are made using CPC as a core component. Thus, we provide an overview of the most recent information we have on the fungal host's regulation of the CPC biosynthesis pathway. Lastly, we outline how CPC is a major source of leads for the in vitro and, more importantly, in vivo synthesis of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), which is the primary building block for the pharmaceutical synthesis of semi-synthetic cephalosporins, both present and future.