Factors Leading to Respiratory Distress Syndromes in Premature Infants

Key risk factors, including prematurity and maternal diabetes, are reviewed, as well as the role of antenatal corticosteroids and exogenous surfactant in improving outcomes. Particular attention is paid to new methods of respiratory support, such as non-invasive ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and their impact on reducing complications, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Prospects for research aimed at optimizing therapy and prognosis are discussed. The article is intended for neonatologists, pediatricians and researchers in the field of perinatal medicine.