Congenital Heart Defects: their Anatomical Basis and Types
Keywords:
congenital heart defects, VSD, ASD, PDA, Tetralogy of Fallot, embryology, cyanotic defect, acyanotic defect, heart anatomy, diagnostics, prevention, ECHO, MRIAbstract
This article outlines the anatomical foundations and embryological development stages of congenital heart defects, along with the resulting anomalies. The defects are categorized into cyanotic and acyanotic groups, with analysis of their clinical manifestations, diagnostic techniques (ECG, ECHO, MRI, angiography), and treatment approaches. Common congenital heart defects such as VSD, ASD, PDA, Tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition of the great arteries are examined anatomically and physiologically, and evaluated according to modern medical practices. The article also emphasizes epidemiological data, risk factors, and preventive strategies.
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