Allergies and Obesity in Children: Is There a Connection?
Keywords:
allergy, obesity, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitisAbstract
The steady increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in the population, including obesity and allergic diseases, dictates the need for both the study of common causal factors and the mechanisms of their development, and the search for new effective treatment and preventive strategies. However, the results of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies are still inconclusive, especially in the pediatric population. This review presents and discusses current data that provide an opportunity to understand the possible relationship and mechanisms of interaction between allergies and obesity in children.
References
Drapkina O.M., Eliashevich S.O., Shepel R.N. Obesity as a risk factor for chronic non-infectious diseases. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016; 6(134): 73–79. [Drapkina O.M., Eliashevich S.O., SHepel' R.N. Ozhirenie kak faktor riska hronicheskih neinfekcionnyh zabolevanij. Rossijskij kardiologicheskij zhurnal. 2016; 6(134): 73–79. (In Russ).]
Alan R., Saltiel J., Olefsky M. Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2017; 127(1):1–4.
Mallol J., Crane J., von Mutius E., Odhiambo J., Keil U., Stewart A. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three: a global synthesis. AllergolImmunopathol (Madr). 2013; 41:73–85.
Abarca-Gómez L., Abdeen Z.A., Hamid Z.A. et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population based measurement studies in 128,9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017; 390(10113):2627–2642.
Schachter L.M., Peat J.K., Salome C.M. Asthma and atopy in overweight children. Thorax. 2003; 58:1031– 1035.
Xu B., Jarvelin M.R., Pekkanen J. Body build and atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 105:393–394.
Peters U., Dixon A., Forno E. Obesity and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018; 141(4):1169–1179.
Orihara K., Haraguchi A., Shibata S. Crosstalk Among Circadian Rhythm, Obesity and Allergy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(5):1884.
Jarvis D., Chinn S., Potts J., Burney P. Association of body mass index with respiratory symptoms and atopy: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. ClinExp Allergy. 2002; 32:831–837.
Tantisira K.G., Litonjua A.A., Weiss S.T., Fuhlbrigge A.L. Association of body mass with pulmonary function in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP). Thorax. 2003; 58:1036–1041.
Chen Y., Dales R., Jiang Y. The association between obesity and asthma is stronger in nonallergic than allergic adults. Chest. 2006; 130:890–895.
Boulet L.-P. Obesity and atopy. ClinExp Allergy.2015; 45(1):75–86.
Croce S., Avanzini M.A., Regalbuto C., Cordaro E., Vinci F., Zuccotti G., Calcaterra V. Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation and Treg/Th17 Imbalance in the Impaired Glucose Metabolism of Children with Obesity. Children (Basel).2021; 8(7):554.
Alan R., Saltiel J., Olefsky M. Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2017; 127(1):1–4.
La Cava A. Leptin in inflammation and autoimmunity. Cytokine. 2017; 98:51–58.
Kaoru W., Maho S., Sayaka A. et al. Leptin enhances cytokine/chemokine production by normal lung fibroblasts by binding to leptin receptor. Allergology International. 2019; 68:3–8.
Hirt P.A., Castillo D.E., Yosipovitch G., Keri J.E. Skin changes in the obese patient. J. Am. AcadDermatol. 2019; 81:1037–1057.
Zeng Q., Luo X., Han M., Liu W., Li H. Leptin/Osteopontin Axis Regulated Type 2T Helper Cell Response in Allergic Rhinitis with Obesity. Ebiomedicine. 2018; 32:43–49.
Frühbeck G., Catalán V., Rodríguez A. et al. Involvement of the leptin-adiponectin axis in inflammation and oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome. ScientificReports. 2017; 7(1):6619.
Yuki M., Kiyoshi H., Masahiro K. et all. Amphiregulin-Producing Pathogenic Memory T Helper 2 Cells Instruct Eosinophils to Secrete Osteopontin and Facilitate Airway Fibrosis. Immunity. 2018; 49:134–150.
Liu W., Zeng Q., Chen Y., Luo R.Z. Role of Leptin/Osteopontin Axis in the Function of Eosinophils in Allergic Rhinitis with Obesity. Mediators of Inflammation. 2018;2018:9138904.
Fang X., Henao-Mejia J., Henrickson S.E. Obesity and immune status in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2020; 32(6): 805–815.
Looman K.I.M., Santos S., Moll H.A., Leijten C.W.E., Grosserichter-Wagener C., Voortman T, Jaddoe V.W. et al. Childhood adiposity associated with expanded effector memory CD8 + and Vδ2 +Vγ9 + T cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021; dgab433.doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab433. Online ahead of print.
Kelishadi R., Roufarshbaf M., Soheili S., Payghambarzadeh F., Masjedi M. Association of Childhood Obesity and the Immune System: A Systematic Review of Reviews. Child Obes.2017; 13(4):332–346.
Prescott S.L. Early Nutrition as a Major Determinant of 'Immune Health': Implications for Allergy, Obesity and Other Noncommunicable Diseases. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser.2016; 85:1–17.
Christ A., Lauterbach M., Latz E. Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection. Immunity. 2019; 51(5):794–811.
Palmer D.J., Huang R.-C., Craig J.M., Prescott S.L. Nutritional influences on epigenetic programming: asthma, allergy, and obesity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am.2014; 34(4):825–837.
Mailhot G., White J.H. Vitamin D and Immunity in Infants and Children. Nutrients.2020; 12(5):1233.
Vuillermin P.J., Ponsonby A.L., Kemp A.S., Allen K.J. Potential links between the emerging risk factors for food allergy and vitamin D status. Clin. Exp. Allergy 2013; 43: 599–607.
Cassim R., Russell M.A., Lodge C.J., Lowe A.J., Koplin J.J., Dharmage S.C. The role of circulating 25 hydroxyvitamin D in asthma: a systematic review. Allergy.2015; 70(4):339–354.
Pereira-Santos M., Costa P.R.F., Assis A.M.O., Santos C.A.S.T., Santos D.B. Obesity and vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev.2015; 16(4):341–349.
Reyman M., Verrijn Stuart A.A., van Summeren M., Rakhshandehroo M., Nuboer R., de Boe F.K. et al. Vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity is associated with high levels of circulating inflammatory mediators, and low insulin sensitivity. Int J Obes (Lond).2014; 38(1):46–52.
O'Sullivan B., James L., MajureJ.M., Bickel S., Phan L.-T., Serrano Gonzalez M. et al. IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network. Obesity-related asthma in children: A role for vitamin D. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021; 56(2):354–361.
Forno E., Litonjua A.A. Pollution, Obesity, Vitamin D, or Why Is Asthma So Complicated-and Interesting. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. Jul-Aug 2019; 7(6):1823–1824.
Liébana-García R., Olivares M., Bullich-Vilarrubias C., López-Almela I., Romaní-Pérez M., Sanz Y. The gut microbiota as a versatile immunomodulator in obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021; 35(3):101542.
Shore S.A., Cho Y. Obesity and Asthma: Microbiome-Metabolome Interactions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016; 54(5):609–617.
Cho Y, Shore SA. Obesity, Asthma, and the Microbiome. Physiology (Bethesda). 2016; 31(2):108–116.
Li H., Wu G., Zhao L., Zhang M. Suppressed inflammation in obese children induced by a high-fiber diet is associated with the attenuation of gut microbial virulence factor genes. Virulence. 2021; 12(1):1754–1770.
Frey U., Latzin P., Usemann J., Maccora J., Zumsteg U., Kriemler S. Asthma and obesity in children: current evidence and potential systems biology approaches. Allergy. 2015; 70:26–40.
Jung S.Y., Park D.C., Kim S.H., Yeo S.G. Role of Obesity in Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2019; 19(7):34.
Han Y.Y., Forno E., Gogna M., Celedón J.C. Obesity and rhinitis in a nationwide study of children and adults in the United States. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2016; 137(5):1460–1465.
Lei Y., Yang H., Zhen L. Obesity is a risk factor for allergic rhinitis in children of Wuhan (China). Asia Pac Allergy. 2016; 6(2):101–104.
Zhou J., Luo F., Han Y., Lou H., Tang X., Zhang L. Obesity/overweight and risk of allergic rhinitis: A metaanalysis of observational studies. Allergy.2020; 75(5):1272–1275.
McCallister M., Medrano R., Wojcicki J. Early life obesity increases the risk for asthma in San Francisco born Latina girls. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2018; 39:273–280.
Tomita Y., Fukutomi Y., Irie M., Azekawa K., Hayashi H., Kamide Y. et al. Obesity, but not metabolic syndrome, as a risk factor for late-onset asthma in Japanese women. AllergolInt. 2019; 68:240–246.
Jiang D., Wang L., Bai C., Chen O.. Association between abdominal obesity and asthma: a meta-analysis. Allergy Asthma ClinImmunol. 2019;15:16.
Gomez-Llorente M.A., Romero R., Chueca N., Martinez-Cañavate A., Gomez-Llorente C. Obesity and Asthma: A Missing Link. IntJ MolSci. 2017; 18 (7): 1490.
Sansone F., Attanasi M., Di Pillo S., Chiarelli F. Asthma and Obesity in Children. Biomedicines. 2020; 8 (7): 231.
Fang H., Berg E., Cheng X., Shen W. How to best assess abdominal obesity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2018; 21(5):360–365.
Dixon A.E., Peters U. The effect of obesity on lung function. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2018; 12(9):755–767.
Ekström S., Hallberg J., Kull I. et al. Body mass index status and peripheral airway obstruction in school-age children: a population-based cohort study. Thorax. 2018; 73(6):538–545.
Mangova M., Lipek T., Vom Hove M. et al. Obesity-associated asthma in childhood. Allergologie Select. 2020; 4:76–85.
Ma C., Wang Y., Xue M. Correlations of severity of asthma in children with body mass index, adiponectin and leptin. JClinLabAnal. 2019; 33(6):e22915.
Rastogi D., Holguin F. Metabolic Dysregulation, Systemic Inflammation, and Pediatric Obesity-related Asthma. Ann American Thorac Soc. 2017; 14 (Supplement 5): S363–S367.
Chen J.H., Qin L., Shi Y.Y., Feng J.T., Zheng Y.L., Wan Y.F. et al. IL‐17 protein levels in both induced sputum and plasma are increased in stable but not acute asthma individuals with obesity. RespirMed.2016; 121:48–58.
Chehimi M., Vidal H., Eljaafari A. Pathogenic Role of IL-17-Producing Immune Cells in Obesity, and Related Inflammatory Diseases. J ClinMed. 2017; 6 (7): 68.
Zaleska M., Trojacka E., Savitskyi S., Terlikowska-Brzósko A., Galus R. Atopic dermatitis — risk factors and treatment. Pol MerkurLekarski. 2017; 43 (254): 87–94.
Silverberg J.I., Kleiman E., Lev-Tov H., Silverberg N.B., Durkin H.G., Joks R. et al. Association between obesity and atopic dermatitis in childhood: a case-control study. J Allergy ClinImmunol. 2011; 127 (5): 1180– 1186.e1.
Shalom G., Dreiher J., Kridin K., Horev A., Khoury R., Battat E. et al. Atopic dermatitis and the metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study of 116 816 patients. J EurAcadDermatolVenereol. 2019; 33 (9): 1762–1767.
Agon-Banzo P.J., Sanmartin R., Garcia-Malinis A.J., Hernandez-Martin A., Puzo J., Doste D., Pardos C., Gilaberte Y. Body mass index and serum lipid profile: Association with atopic dermatitis in a pediatric population. Australas J. Dermatol. 2020; 61:e60–e64.
Seo S.C., Yoon W.S., Cho Y., Park S.H., Choung T., Yoo Y. Leptin and Atopic Dermatitis in Korean Elementary School Children. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016; 15 (2): 138–144.
Nino M., Franzese A., Ruggiero Perrino N., Balato N. The effect of obesity on skin disease and epidermal permeability barrier status in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012; 29: 567–570.
Guida B., Nino M., Perrino N.R., Laccetti R., Trio R., Labella S., Balato N. The impact of obesity onskin disease and epidermal permeability barrier status. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010; 24: 191–195.
Ali Z., Suppli Ulrik C., Agner T., Thomsen S.F. Is atopic dermatitis associated with obesity? A systematic review of observational studies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018; 32 (8): 1246–1255.
Perez M.M., Martins L.M.S., Dias M.S., Pereira C.A., Leite J.A., Goncalves E.C.S. et al. Interleukin-17/interleukin-17 receptor axis elicits intestinal neutrophil migration, restrains gut dysbiosis and lipopolysaccharide translocation in high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model. Immunology 2019; 156: 339–355.
