Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies of Cryptorchidism

Cryptorchidism, characterized by the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum, is one of the most common congenital urological conditions in male infants. It can lead to a range of complications, including infertility, testicular cancer, and psychological effects if not appropriately managed. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial in reducing long-term risks associated with this condition. This article explores the current approaches to diagnosing cryptorchidism, including clinical examination and imaging techniques such as ultrasound and laparoscopy. It also reviews the latest treatment strategies, ranging from hormonal therapy to surgical options, with an emphasis on the optimal timing of intervention to ensure the best outcomes. Additionally, the article discusses the controversies surrounding the management of non-palpable and bilateral cryptorchidism and highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans based on the patient's specific clinical scenario. By providing a comprehensive overview of both diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, this article aims to guide clinicians in making informed decisions to optimize the care of patients with cryptorchidism.