THE ROLE OF RISK FACTORS IN THE PATHOLOGICAL FORMATION OF TEETH

The pathological formation of teeth, encompassing anomalies in structure, number, position, and mineralization, is a significant area of concern in dental medicine. This study investigates the multifactorial etiology of such dental pathologies, with a focus on environmental, genetic, and behavioral risk factors. The primary aim is to identify and classify key contributing elements, such as poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy, fluoride imbalance, systemic illnesses, radiation exposure, and hereditary syndromes. Particular attention is given to the timing of exposure and its influence on odontogenesis, as well as how socioeconomic status and oral hygiene practices correlate with prevalence rates of dental anomalies. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of risk factors contributing to pathological tooth development in both pediatric and adult populations. The findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis, preventive strategies, and interdisciplinary management in minimizing long-term dental complications and improving oral health outcomes.