Content of Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides in the Mixed Salvia of Pregnant Women with Dental Cariosics during Pregnancy

Saliva plays a crucial role in the natural defense system of the oral cavity, particularly through the presence of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) that help regulate the microbial balance. During pregnancy, hormonal changes can affect salivary composition, potentially reducing its protective properties. This study investigates the concentration and activity of selected AMPs — including lactoferrin, lysozyme, histatins, and defensins — in the mixed saliva of pregnant women diagnosed with active dental caries. A total of 90 participants were divided into caries-active and caries-free groups, and their unstimulated saliva samples were analyzed. Our results show a significant reduction in the levels of several AMPs in pregnant women with caries, particularly in the second and third trimesters. The findings suggest that altered salivary defense mechanisms may contribute to increased susceptibility to caries during pregnancy and highlight the potential of AMP profiling as a diagnostic tool in maternal oral health monitoring.