Modern Methods of Laboratory Diagnosis of Autoimmune Diseases
Keywords:
autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies, laboratory diagnostics, ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, molecular methodsAbstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of chronic disorders
characterized by loss of immunological tolerance and the development of immune responses directed
against self-antigens. Accurate and timely laboratory diagnostics play a pivotal role in early detection,
differential diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. Recent advances
in
laboratory
immunology, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, indirect
immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, multiplex immunoassays, flow cytometry, and molecular
genetic approaches, have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and patient stratification.
References
1. Rose NR, Mackay IR. The Autoimmune Diseases. Elsevier; 2014.
2. Pisetsky DS. Antinuclear antibodies in rheumatic disease. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017;19:35.
3. Fritzler MJ. Multiplex diagnostic technologies in autoimmune diseases. Lupus. 2016;25:875–880.
4. Van Venrooij WJ et al. Anti-CCP antibodies. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011;7:391–398.
5. Tan WW, Li H, Chung I. Antibody Validation for Protein Expression on Tissue Sections. J
Histochem Cytochem. 2020 May;68(5):325-333. doi: 10.1369/0022155420920866.
6. Weissferdt A, Kalhor N, Bishop JA, et al. Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Thoracic
Tumors: A Practical Approach. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020 Sep 1;144(9):1015-1031. doi:
10.5858/arpa.2020-0072-RA.
7. Wolff AC, Hammond MEH, Allison KH, et al. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2
Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American
Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018
Nov;142(11):1364-1382. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0902-SA.
8. Taube JM, Akturk G, Angelo M, et al. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer statement on best
practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining and
validation. J Immunother Cancer. 2020 May;8(1):e000155. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000155.
9. Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat
Med. 2019;25(1):44–56.
10. Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, et al. STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for
reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ. 2015;351:h5527.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Pediatrics and Genetics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
