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Abstract
Anatomical features of the facial nerve largely determine its vulnerability to various pathogenic effects. A complex tortuous passage through the bony canal of the temporal bone, the presence of narrow areas (especially in the area of the labyrinthine segment, where the diameter of the canal exceeds the diameter of the nerve by only 0.1-0.2 mm), relatively poor blood supply to the intracanal part — all these factors create prerequisites for nerve compression with minimal edema or inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, the presence of about 10,000 axons in the nerve and its multifunctionality (motor, parasympathetic, sensory and gustatory fibers) determine the variety of clinical manifestations in its lesion.
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References
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- Eviston TJ, Croxson GR, Kennedy PG, et al. Bell's palsy: aetiology, clinical features and multidisciplinary care. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;86(12):1356-1361.
- Filipović SR, Rothwell JC, Bhatia K. Slow (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces a sustained change in cortical excitability in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;121(7):1129-1137.
- Hallett M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain. Nature. 2020;406(6792):147-150.
- Hummel FC, Cohen LG. Non-invasive brain stimulation: a new strategy to improve neurorehabilitation after stroke? Lancet Neurol. 2020;5(8):708-712.
- Lefaucheur JP, André-Obadia N, Antal A, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;125(11):2150-2206
References
Alayat MS, Elsodany AM, El Fiky AA. Efficacy of high and low level laser therapy in the treatment of Bell's palsy: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2020;35(1):335-342.
Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, et al. Clinical practice guideline: Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;149(3):S1-S27.
Choi JH, Kwon HK, Lee SU, Park JW. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over trunk motor spot on balance function in stroke patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2019;43(5):535-543.
Cooke SF, Bliss TV. Plasticity in the human central nervous system. Brain. 2021;129(Pt 7):1659-1673.
Eviston TJ, Croxson GR, Kennedy PG, et al. Bell's palsy: aetiology, clinical features and multidisciplinary care. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;86(12):1356-1361.
Filipović SR, Rothwell JC, Bhatia K. Slow (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces a sustained change in cortical excitability in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;121(7):1129-1137.
Hallett M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain. Nature. 2020;406(6792):147-150.
Hummel FC, Cohen LG. Non-invasive brain stimulation: a new strategy to improve neurorehabilitation after stroke? Lancet Neurol. 2020;5(8):708-712.
Lefaucheur JP, André-Obadia N, Antal A, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;125(11):2150-2206