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Abstract
Stress and psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression have been increasingly recognized as critical factors influencing cardiovascular health. Chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, leading to elevated levels of cortisol and catecholamines. These physiological changes contribute to hypertension, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and abnormal heart rhythms. Moreover, psychological distress is associated with unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, and physical inactivity, further increasing the risk of heart disease. This paper reviews recent studies highlighting the mechanisms by which psychological stress affects the heart, and emphasizes the importance of stress management for cardiovascular prevention and recovery.
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References
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- A. Sattorov - “Tibbiy psixologiya”
- O. Tursunov - “Psixologiya asoslari”
- M. Mahkamov - “Psixologiya va hayot”
- A. Yo‘ldoshev- “Salomatlik psixologiyasi”
- Boller, F., & Cappa, S. F. (Eds.). (2017). *Handbook of Clinical Neurology: Neurodegenerative Disorders*. Elsevier.
References
Steptoe, A., & Kivimäki, M. (2012). Stress and cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 9(6), 360–370. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2012.45
Rozanski, A., Blumenthal, J. A., & Kaplan, J. (1999). Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy. Circulation, 99(16), 2192–2217. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.99.16.2192
Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007). Psychological stress and disease. JAMA, 298(14), 1685–1687. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.14.1685
Goldstein, D. S. (2010). Adrenal responses to stress. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 30(8), 1433–1440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-010-9606-9
Whooley, M. A., & Wong, J. M. (2013). Depression and cardiovascular disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 327–354. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185526
Thayer, J. F., Åhs, F., Fredrikson, M., Sollers III, J. J., & Wager, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart–brain medicine. Heart Rhythm, 9(10), 1621–1628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.05.047
A. Sattorov - “Tibbiy psixologiya”
O. Tursunov - “Psixologiya asoslari”
M. Mahkamov - “Psixologiya va hayot”
A. Yo‘ldoshev- “Salomatlik psixologiyasi”
Boller, F., & Cappa, S. F. (Eds.). (2017). *Handbook of Clinical Neurology: Neurodegenerative Disorders*. Elsevier.