TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS AND THEIR PROSTHODONTIC MANAGEMENT

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive review of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), focusing on their etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and prosthodontic management. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays a critical role in mastication, speech, and overall mandibular function, and its dysfunction can cause pain, limited jaw movement, and occlusal instability. The study examines the complex interplay of biomechanical, psychological, and systemic factors contributing to TMDs, including occlusal discrepancies, parafunctional habits, trauma, and stress-related muscular hyperactivity. Special emphasis is placed on prosthodontic interventions such as occlusal splints, bite reprogramming, and restorative correction for restoring functional harmony between the joint, muscles, and dentition. The research also discusses current diagnostic technologies and multidisciplinary treatment approaches that integrate prosthodontics with physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and behavioral therapy to achieve long-term stability and patient comfort. This article provides a comprehensive discussion of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) from a prosthodontic perspective, focusing on their underlying mechanisms, diagnostic complexities, and rehabilitative management strategies. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a highly specialized articulation that enables complex mandibular movements essential for chewing, speaking, and swallowing. Dysfunction of this joint, whether caused by structural, neuromuscular, or psychological factors, leads to a spectrum of symptoms affecting both function and quality of life. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the biomechanical relationship between occlusion, muscle activity, and joint dynamics in the etiology and management of TMDs. Special attention is given to prosthodontic interventions such as occlusal splints, bite reprogramming, and full-mouth rehabilitation, which play a critical role in restoring equilibrium within the masticatory system. This review synthesizes recent clinical and research evidence to highlight how an integrative, evidence-based prosthodontic approach can reduce pain, reestablish joint stability, and prevent long-term dysfunction.